03 Juli 2012

CARDIOVASCULAR RISK in POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN

Mutiara Rizki Haryati, M. Djoko Soemantri
Menopause is a universal and irreversible part of the overall aging process which involves a woman's reproductive system. Menopause results from loss of ovarian sensitivity to gonadotropin stimulation, which is directly related to follicular decline and dysfunction causing decrease in estrogen level. Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in men and postmenopausal women. Menopausal status increases the cardiovascular risk for women independent of age whereas natural menopause not causes an immediate increase in risk of heart disease. Cardiovascular risk factors changes occurring with menopause have been considered the biological mechanism. The risk-factor prevalence increases with advancing age and varies widely by country. Deprivation of endogenous estrogen is assumed to be a crucial factor in the increasing cardiovascular risk. Interaction of high blood pressure with other risk factors is particularly important in case of postmenopausal women. Several studies have demonstrated that lipid concentrations, body weight, blood pressure, and insulin resistance increase after menopause which may impair endothelial functions. The state of “endothelial activation,” is characterized by a proinflammatory, proliferative, and procoagulatory status that favours atherogenesis. Both inflammatory processes and a disturbed lipid profile may mediate the development and progression of atherosclerosis. We focused on the relationship between hormonal status and cardiovascular risk assessed by inflammatory markers and traditional laboratory variables in women during postmenopausal status.

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