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Successful recanalization and percutaneous revascularization of coronary arteries with chronic total occlusion (CTO) is one of the ‘last frontiers’ in coronary interventions. Conquering this objective may enable complete percutaneous revascularization in an increasing number of patients. Revascularization of CTOs carries multiple theoretical advantages such as improvement in wall motion abnormalities and left ventricular function, and ultimately, increased long-term survival. The retrograde approach through a collateral artery is now thought to improve the success of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for CTO. We present a case in which of a CTO of the osteal left anterior descending artery was successfully opened by the retrograde approach through a collateral from the right coronary artery, followed by successful angioplasty and stenting.
In the present time, coronary stenting has become the default in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), are used as a mechanical means to overcome the major limitations of balloon angioplasty to scaffold and prevent of early recoil and late vascular remodeling. The major limitations of stents are thrombosis and restenosis. The role of stenting is temporary, until healing and reendothelialization are obtained. Beyond that, no utility or advantage for stents has been demonstrated and their presence could be a nidus for late thrombosis and chronic inflammation. Thus stenting technology has moved toward the development of temporary implants which mechanically support the vessel during a period of time and then completely biodegrade in the long term. Bioabsorbable stents are considered the next frontier of stenting and we will discuss their potential to fulfill this promise in interventional cardiology.
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